Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP
Vasocaine
Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Allerject
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2
EpinephrineSnap-EMS
Epinephrine Injection USP
E-pilo-2 Oph Soln
Orabloc
QKit Procedure Tray
Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector
Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000
D-Care 100X
Lignospan Standard
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Epinephrine 0.15 Pediatrics
E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution
Auvi-Q
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml)
Emerade
EPY Kit
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1
Primatene Mist Refill
Articadent
Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection
E-pilo-6 Oph Soln
Zorcaine
Marcaine with Epinephrine
Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit
Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI
Adrenalin Topical Solution
Marcaine With Epinephrine
Symjepi
E-pilo-4 Oph Soln
Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq
Xylocaine
Ultacan
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector
Citanest Forte
Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50%
Orabloc 1:100,000
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP
Epinephrinesnap-V
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine
Prime Asthma Relief
Septanest Sp
Vivacaine
Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000
Orabloc 1:200,000
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Gingi-pak Max 2-ply
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000
Septanest N
Anapen
Epinephrine
Zone 2
Ultracaine DS Inj
Adyphren Amp Kit
EpiPen Jr
Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml
Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml)
Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label
Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine
EpinephrineSnap-V
Sensorcaine Mpf
Adrenalin (epinephrine)
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose
Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Gingi-pak Cotton Coil
Minnerva II
Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj
Adrenalin (epinephrine in sodium chloride)
Twinject
Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Epinephrine Professional
Citanest Forte DENTAL
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP
Lidocaine
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine
Epinephrine Injection
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000
Gingi-pak Pellets
Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP
Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im)
Octocaine 100
Spinal Anesthesia Tray
Septocaine
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00
Primatene Mist
Spinal Anaesthesia Tray
Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Adrenaclick
Epinephrine Chloride Solution
Numquick Analgesic
Epipen
Numquick Topical Analgesic
Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine)
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Ultacan Forte
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Xylocaine with epinephrine
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection
Adrenalin(r)
EPY II Kit
Lidosite
E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5%
Scandonest 2% Special Inj
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000
Posicaine Sp
Lixtraxen 1%
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate
Xylocaine-mpf With Epi
Dysne Inhal
E-pilo-1 Oph Soln
CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Posicaine N
Septocaine and Epinephrine
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2
Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000
Medihaler-Epi
Lidocaine Hci
Neffy
Sensorcaine With Epinephrine
Adrenalin
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000
Ephinephrine
Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector
Adyphren Kit
Anapen Junior
Ana-kit
Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine
E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution
Articaine HCl and Epinephrine
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Lignospan Speciale Inj
Gingi Pak Cord No 1
Sensorcaine Forte
Adrenalin Vials
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Sensorcaine
Ultracaine DS Forte Inj
Epinephrine Pediatrics
Marcaine
Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3
Orostat 8%
Marcaine E
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000
Blue Gel Anesthetic
Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector
Lignospan Forte
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Epinephrine Professional EMS
EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit
EpiPen
Octocaine 50
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose
Gold Label Anorectal Numbing Spray
The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief
LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE
Epipen Jr
Leep RediKit
Articaine
Epinephrine 0.3 Adults
Adyphren Amp II Kit
Taroclick Epinephrine
LIDOCAINE HCl
Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000
Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3
Taroclick Epinephrine Junior
Adyphren II Kit
The Solution
Xylocaine MPF
Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Indication
Epinephrine injection and nasal spray are indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.[L41260, L51798] Epinephrine injection is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is so used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open-angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison
T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan; 39 (Database issue):D1035-41. | PMID:21059682