Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000
EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
EpinephrineSnap-EMS
Adrenalin Topical Solution
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine
Scandonest 2% Special Inj
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector
Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq
Epinephrinesnap-V
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Sensorcaine Forte
Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im)
Adrenalin
E-pilo-6 Oph Soln
Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Septanest Sp
Twinject
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000
Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt
The Solution
Ultracaine DS Inj
Minnerva II
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2
EpiPen Jr
Epinephrine Injection
Orabloc 1:100,000
Epinephrine Professional
Zone 2
Xylocaine MPF
Taroclick Epinephrine
E-pilo-4 Oph Soln
Spinal Anaesthesia Tray
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml)
Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Lidocaine Hci
Lignospan Forte
Marcaine with Epinephrine
Adyphren Amp II Kit
Spinal Anesthesia Tray
Emerade
Numquick Analgesic
Orabloc
Crown-pak Max 4-ply
Zorcaine
Citanest Forte
Articaine HCl and Epinephrine
Gingi-pak Pellets
Medihaler-Epi
Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5%
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector
Adrenalin Vials
E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution
Lignospan Speciale Inj
Marcaine E
Orostat 8%
Sensorcaine
E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Adrenalin(r)
2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP
Septocaine and Epinephrine
Epinephrine
Anapen
Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj
Adrenalin (epinephrine)
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose
Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Septanest N
SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine
Ultacan
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine
Xylocaine-mpf With Epi
Ana-kit
Epinephrine Injection USP
Lidosite
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000
Marcaine
CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit
Orabloc 1:200,000
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
EPY Kit
Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector
Ultacan Forte
Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000
The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Gingi-pak Cotton Coil
Primatene Mist
E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution
Numquick Topical Analgesic
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Adrenalin (epinephrine in sodium chloride)
E-pilo-2 Oph Soln
Citanest Forte DENTAL
Taroclick Epinephrine Junior
Adyphren Kit
Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Vasocaine
Octocaine 100
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1
Articadent
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000
Epinephrine Chloride Solution
Marcaine With Epinephrine
Articaine
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection
Adyphren Amp Kit
Anapen Junior
Gingi-pak Max 2-ply
Lignospan Standard
Symjepi
Posicaine N
Ephinephrine
Primatene Mist Refill
Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000
Gingi Pak Cord No 1
Prime Asthma Relief
Neffy
Posicaine Sp
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00
Blue Gel Anesthetic
Lixtraxen 1%
Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI
EPY II Kit
Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector
Vivacaine
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml)
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Pro Numb
Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP
EpinephrineSnap-V
Adyphren II Kit
Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Allerject
Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label
Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine
E-pilo-1 Oph Soln
Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose
Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50%
Sensorcaine Mpf
Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector
Dysne Inhal
Epinephrine Pediatrics
Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP
Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit
Octocaine 50
4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000
Auvi-Q
Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml
Epinephrine 0.3 Adults
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000
Epipen Jr
Sensorcaine With Epinephrine
Epinephrine 0.15 Pediatrics
Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000
Lidocaine
Epipen
EpiPen
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Ultracaine DS Forte Inj
QKit Procedure Tray
Gold Label Anorectal Numbing Spray
Epinephrine Professional EMS
Xylocaine with epinephrine
Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Basic Dental Emergency Kit
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE
Adrenaclick
Septocaine
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
LIDOCAINE HCl
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP
Xylocaine
E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3
Ultracaine D-S Injection
Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE
Indication
Epinephrine injection and nasal spray are indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.[L41260, L51798] Epinephrine injection is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is so used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open-angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison
T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS.
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