Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP
Epinephrine Pediatrics
Gingi-pak Max 2-ply
Xylocaine-mpf With Epi
Marcaine E
Minnerva II
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
LIDOCAINE HCl
E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution
Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP
Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj
Adrenalin
Gingi-pak Cotton Coil
Articadent
Posicaine N
Emerade
Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5%
Allerject
Dysne Inhal
Epinephrine Injection USP
Leep RediKit
Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Lignospan Speciale Inj
Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector
Epinephrine Injection
Sensorcaine Forte
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine
Prime Asthma Relief
CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3
Primatene Mist Refill
EPY II Kit
Xylocaine MPF
EPY Kit
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
E-pilo-2 Oph Soln
Septocaine
Octocaine 100
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000
Marcaine
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
D-Care 100X
Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml
Marcaine with Epinephrine
Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50%
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000
2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP
Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Lixtraxen 1%
Epinephrine 0.3 Adults
Adrenalin Topical Solution
Orabloc
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00
Epinephrine
Ultracaine DS Inj
Adrenalin(r)
Taroclick Epinephrine Junior
Taroclick Epinephrine
Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector
Blue Gel Anesthetic
Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit
EpiPen
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Ultacan Forte
EpiPen Jr
Sensorcaine
Vasocaine
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine
Articaine HCl and Epinephrine
Gingi Pak Cord No 1
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000
Septanest N
Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine
Symjepi
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000
Scandonest 2% Special Inj
Numquick Analgesic
Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
E-pilo-4 Oph Soln
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000
Ultacan
LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE
Adrenalin (epinephrine)
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Sensorcaine With Epinephrine
Lignospan Forte
Anapen Junior
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine)
The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1
SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2
The Solution
Zone 2
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml)
Citanest Forte
Marcaine With Epinephrine
Primatene Mist
E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
E-pilo-6 Oph Soln
Adyphren Amp II Kit
Adrenaclick
Twinject
Gingi-pak Pellets
Octocaine 50
Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector
Orabloc 1:100,000
Spinal Anesthesia Tray
Epinephrine Professional
Vivacaine
Epinephrine Chloride Solution
Orostat 8%
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml)
Auvi-Q
E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000
Lidosite
QKit Procedure Tray
Basic Dental Emergency Kit
Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Sensorcaine Mpf
Septocaine and Epinephrine
Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt
Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection
Gold Label Anorectal Numbing Spray
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE
Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose
Spinal Anaesthesia Tray
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose
Epinephrinesnap-V
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection
Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml
Numquick Topical Analgesic
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000
Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000
EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Neffy
Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000
Lidocaine
Articaine
Crown-pak Max 4-ply
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate
Adyphren Kit
Epinephrine Professional EMS
Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label
Pro Numb
Orabloc 1:200,000
Posicaine Sp
Septanest Sp
Xylocaine with epinephrine
Xylocaine
Ultracaine DS Forte Inj
Adyphren II Kit
Adrenalin (epinephrine in sodium chloride)
Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im)
Ephinephrine
Zorcaine
E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP
Adrenalin Vials
Lignospan Standard
Epinephrine 0.15 Pediatrics
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2
EpinephrineSnap-EMS
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI
E-pilo-1 Oph Soln
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000
Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq
EpinephrineSnap-V
Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Ultracaine D-S Injection
Indication
Epinephrine injection and nasal spray are indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.[L41260, L51798] Epinephrine injection is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is so used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open-angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison
T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS.
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