Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Gingi-pak Max 2-ply
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Numquick Topical Analgesic
Sensorcaine With Epinephrine
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000
Twinject
Minnerva II
Ultracaine D-S Injection
EPY Kit
Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq
Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000
E-pilo-6 Oph Soln
Posicaine Sp
Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP
EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit
E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution
Ephinephrine
Auvi-Q
Gold Label Anorectal Numbing Spray
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine
Epinephrine Chloride Solution
Emerade
Epinephrine
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000
Scandonest 2% Special Inj
Ultracaine DS Forte Inj
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3
Spinal Anesthesia Tray
Citanest Forte
Basic Dental Emergency Kit
Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit
LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE
Adrenalin (epinephrine)
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00
Epinephrine Professional EMS
Taroclick Epinephrine
Octocaine 100
Adyphren Amp II Kit
Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose
EpinephrineSnap-V
Medihaler-Epi
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP
Xylocaine
E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution
Allerject
Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label
Ultacan Forte
Orabloc 1:200,000
Adyphren II Kit
Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml)
Zone 2
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection
Pro Numb
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate
Gingi-pak Pellets
Octocaine 50
Taroclick Epinephrine Junior
Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit
Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj
Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Adrenaclick
Sensorcaine Forte
Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000
Posicaine N
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Spinal Anaesthesia Tray
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE
4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Vivacaine
Zorcaine
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000
SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1
Symjepi
Marcaine E
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml)
Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector
Anapen
Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml
Articaine HCl and Epinephrine
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2
E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution
Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine
Marcaine with Epinephrine
Epinephrinesnap-V
The Solution
E-pilo-4 Oph Soln
Epipen
Orabloc
Adrenalin Topical Solution
Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector
Orostat 8%
Septanest Sp
Numquick Analgesic
Adyphren Kit
Septocaine
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2
Epinephrine Injection USP
Epinephrine Pediatrics
Lignospan Standard
EpiPen
Adrenalin(r)
Lignospan Speciale Inj
Epinephrine Injection
Epinephrine Professional
Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector
Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector
Lixtraxen 1%
Primatene Mist Refill
EPY II Kit
Adyphren Amp Kit
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000
Marcaine
Xylocaine with epinephrine
Prime Asthma Relief
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Vasocaine
D-Care 100X
LIDOCAINE HCl
Epinephrine 0.3 Adults
CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit
Anapen Junior
Primatene Mist
Orabloc 1:100,000
The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief
Epipen Jr
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP
Ana-kit
Septanest N
Sensorcaine
Ultacan
Gingi-pak Cotton Coil
Lidocaine Hci
Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5%
Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine
Neffy
EpiPen Jr
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000
Lignospan Forte
Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Articadent
Articaine
Crown-pak Max 4-ply
Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50%
Dysne Inhal
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3
Leep RediKit
Septocaine and Epinephrine
Xylocaine-mpf With Epi
Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml
Epinephrine 0.15 Pediatrics
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000
Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection
Marcaine With Epinephrine
Indication
Epinephrine injection and nasal spray are indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.[L41260, L51798] Epinephrine injection is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is so used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open-angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison
T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan; 39 (Database issue):D1035-41. | PMID:21059682
